1. Active Voice: We use an active verb to say 'What the subject does'. It is Subject - Oriented.
2. Passive Voice: We use a Passive Verb to say 'What happens to the subject': the passive voice is used to describe actions. It is said to be object-oriented.
Look at the following sentences:
A) Tagore wrote Gitanjali.
B) Gitanjali was written by Tagore.
Sentence A is said to be in the Active Voice and sentence B is said to be in the Passive Voice.
In sentence A, the verb is 'wrote'. The subject is Tagore, the doer or the agent.
In sentence B, the verb is 'was written'. The subject of the sentence is 'Gitanjali'. It is not the doer or agent of the action. The agent is Tagore.
When the subject of the sentence and the agent are the same, the sentence is in the Active Voice. When the subject of the sentence is not the agent, the sentence is in the
Passive voice. In a Passive sentence, if we want to say who did, or what caused the action, we use by:
Gitanjali was written by Tagore.
This school was built by an NRI. (= The NRI built it.)
Study the following sentences furnished with tensewise:
1. Simple Present:
a) She teaches English = English is taught by her.
b) He sells vegetables = Vegetables are sold by her.
2. Present continuous:
a) I am doing homework = Homework is being done by me.
b) She is singing prayers = Prayers are being sung by her.
3. Simple Past:
Right Brothers invented aeroplane in 1903. = Aeroplane was invented by Right Brothers in 1903.
4. Past Continuous:
The lion was chasing the deer.
= The deer was being chased by the lion.
5. Present Perfect:
The children have finished homework. = Homework has been finished by the children.
6. Past Perfect:
Jim Corbett had killed many tigers. = Many tigers had been killed by Jim Corbett.
7. Future Tense:
a) I shall reward you. = You will be rewarded by me.
b) He will help you. = You will be helped by him.
8. Future Perfect:
She will have completed the work by tomorrow. = The work will have been completed by her by tomorrow.
9. Interrogative sentences:
a) Does he sing songs?
= Are songs sung by him?
b) Who defeated Napoleon?
= By whom was Napoleon defeated?
c) Can you drive a car?
= Can a car be driven by you?
10. Imperative sentences:
a) Water the plants regularly.
= Let the plants be watered regularly.
b) Keep your surroundings clean.
Let your Surroundings be kept clean.
c) Respect elders = Let elders be respected.
Exam Model Questions
1. Watt invented the Steam Engine.
2. We speak English, all over the world.
3. Who taught you English last year?
4. We elected Abhinav captain.
5. One finds cows everywhere.
6. They Kept me waiting.
7. Mother has finished cooking.
8. He is still playing cricket.
Answers
1. The Steam Engine was invented by Watt.
2. English is spoken all over the world. (Here, by + agent not necessary)
3. By whom was English taught to you last year?
4. Abhinav was elected Captain.
5. Cows are found everywhere.
6. I was kept waiting.
7. Cooking has been finished by mother.
8. Cricket is still being played by him.
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