A: A country with a great geographical extent and distinctive characteristic features like large area, more population, varied physical landscapes, languages etc., but forms a part of a continent is called a sub-continent. Our country is called a sub-continent
because of the following factors;
1. Large area: India is a large country with an area of 3.28 million square kilometres.
It is the seventh largest country in area in the world.
2. Population: India with a population of 121 crore as per the census of 2011, stands second in the world.
3. Physical features: India has variety of land forms like Himalayan Mountains, vast Indo-Gangetic plain, plateaus and coastal plains.
4. Soils: A variety of soils like Alluvial, Black, Red and Laterite soils are distributed in India.
5. Religions: Many religions like Hinduism, Sikhism, Christianity, Islam, Jainism and
Buddhism etc., exist in India. It has religious unity.
6. Climate: The Tropic of Cancer runs half - way through the country. The southern half
experiences tropical climate and the northern half experiences sub-tropical climate.
7. Variety of crops: With the variety of soils there is a great diversity in crops.
8. Languages: India is a country which has so many languages each spoken by a large
number of people.
9. Social Conditions: India had diversified social conditions with different races, tribes, castes, customs and traditions. Different food habits are there.
Q: How is the name 'India' derived?
A: India was ruled by a great ruler 'Bharatha' in the ancient times.
After the great ruler of our country called as Bharath.
The river Indus is located in the north - west part of the country.
People living along this river were recognized as 'Indois' by the Greeks in ancient times.
Later this began to be referred to as India by the British.
Q: What is a pass? Give examples.
A: There are some gaps in the Himalayan mountain ranges providing a natural route
across.
They are called passes.
Some important passes are Khyber, Bolan, Karakoram, Shipki la, Nathu la, and Bomidi la.
There was a great exchange of culture and commerce with the neighbouring countries in
the ancient times through these passes.
Q: Name the Physiographic units of India.
A: India may be divided into four major geomorphological components. They are:
The Himalayas and their associated mountain chains.
The Indo-gangetic plains.
The Peninsular plateau.
The Coastal plains.
Q: What is meant by monsoon burst or break?
A: The word monsoon is referred to the blowing of winds which reverse seasonally
between the Indian sub- continent and the Indian Ocean.
The monsoons blow from mid-March to mid- September from south-westerly direction and
from mid- September to mid-March from north-easterly direction.
These monsoon winds are caused due to several factors like the Thermal contrast, the
Inter Tropical Convergence and the upper air circulation.
Q: How many seasons are recognized in India and what are they?
A: The Indian weather in a year can be divided into four seasons.
1. The Cold Weather season.
2. The Hot Weather season.
3. The South-West Monsoon season.
4. The Retreating Monsoon season.
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. The difference between Greenwich Mean Time and Indian Standard Time is.....
2. The Indian island closest to the Equator is.....
3. The coastal line of Andhra Pradesh is... kms.
4. Mac Mohan line is the boundary line between India and .........................
5. The state stands on three seas is......
II. Choose the correct answer.
1. If the sun rises at 5 am in Arunachal Pradesh, when does the sun rise at Dwarka
in Gujrat?
A) 5 am B) 6 am C) 7 am D) 8 am
2. The second largest peninsular river is ..
A) Krishna B) Godawari C) Cauvery D) Penna
3. Which of the following river flows westward?
A) Godawari B) Tapti C) Krishna D) Ganga
4. Drought Prone districts in India are...
A) 72 B) 42 C) 52 D) 62
5. The standard meridian of India is...
A) 82.30 W. Longitude
B) 82.30 E. Longitude
C) 23.30 E. Longitude
D) 23.30 W. Longitude
Answers:
I. 1) 5.30 hours 2) Great Nicobar 3) 972 4) China 5) Tamilnadu.
II. 1-C 2-A 3-B 4-A 5-B.
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