Junior Inter Botany 2 Marks Important Questions - AP Board

2 Marks Questions
Q: Define metabolism. What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
A: Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the body of a living organism.
- Anabolism refers to the synthesis of bigger molecules from small molecules during
chemical reactions. In one way it is a constructive process.
- Catabolism is the breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller ones. It is a destructive or lytic process.

Q: Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few well known botanical
gardens in India.
A: Largest botanical garden in the world - (Royal) Botanical garden or Kew botanical
garden - England.
- Botanical gardens in India - Indian Botanical garden - Howrah, National Botanical
Research Institute - Lucknow.

Q: What is the basic unit of classification? Define it.
A: Species is the basic unit of classification.
- Species is a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities.

Q: What is growth? What is the difference between the growth in living organisms and
growth in non-living objects?
A: Increase in mass and volume of an individual is called growth.
- Growth in living organisms is internal which occurs by cell division.
- Growth in non-living objects is external that is by accumulation of materials outside.

Q: What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms?
A: The cell wall in diatoms is made up of two overlapping halves called epitheca and hypotheca which give the appearance of a soapbox. It is made up of hard and indestructible silica.

Q: How are viroids different from viruses?
A: Viroids differ from viruses in lacking a protein coat.
Ex: Potato spindle tuber viroid.
- Viroid contains only nucleic acid (RNA) whereas virus contains nucleic acid and protein coat.

Q: What do the terms phycobiont and mycobiont signify?
A: Phycobiont is the algal partner of a lichen.
- Mycobiont is the fungal partner of a lichen.

Q: What do the terms 'algal blooms' and 'red tides' signify?
A: The vast colonies and filaments of algae which are found in polluted water bodies are called algal blooms.
- The rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates like Gonyaulax makes sea water appear red which are called red tides in Mediterranean sea.

Q: State two economically important uses of heterotrophic bacteria.
A: Heterotrophic bacteria are used in production of antibiotics.
- Rhizobium is used in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in agricultural lands.
- Lactobacillus is used in making curd from milk.

Q: What is the principle underlying the use of cyanobacteria in agricultural
fields for crop improvement?
A: Cyanobacteria like Nostoc and Anabaena possess special cells called heterocysts which can fix atmospheric nitrogen. Hence they can be used in agriculture for crop improvement.

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