A: a. Acromegaly is a disorder resulted due to hyper secretion of
somatotropin (of pituitary). It is characterised by elongation of
bones of jaw, limbs, thickened nose, lips, eye lids and wide finger
tips (gorilla like appearance).
b. Somatotropin.
Q: Name the gland that increases in size during childhood and
decreases in size during adulthood. What important role it play in
case of infection?
A: a. Thymus gland
b. It secretes thymosins that are necessary for differentiation of T -
lymphocytes, which provide cell mediated immunity in case of
infections.
Q: Distinguish between diabetes mellitus and diabetes incipidus.
A: a. Diabetes mellitus is caused due to the deficiency of Insulin. It
is characterised by loss of glucose through urine and formation of
ketone bodies.
b. Diabetes incipidus is caused due to the deficiency of vasopressin. It is
characterised by loss of more water through urine.
Q: What are androgens? Which cells secrete them?
A: a. Male sex hormones testosterone are called androgens.
b. Leydig cells of testes.
Q: Define immunity and immune system.
A: a. Ability of the body to resist or eliminate harmful foreign microbes and
their products is known as immunity.
b. The network of organs, cells and proteins that protect the body
from harmful microbes and their products is known as immune system.
Q: Colostrum is very much essential for new born infants. Justify.
A: a. Colostrum is the first milk produced from mother after child birth.
b. It contains antibodies like IgA which provide immunity to the new born.
Q: Explain the mechanism of vaccination or immunisation.
A: Vaccination is the process in which inactivated or weakened
pathogens or antigenic proteins of the pathogen are inoculated into
the body of the host. They initiate the production of appropriate
antibodies in the host.
Q: What are autoimmune disorders? Give two examples..
A: In some cases, our own immune system fails to recognise some of our
own body proteins and treats them as foreign antigens.
Hence the immune system attacks on our own tissues. This leads to
serious diseases called autoimmune disorders.
Q: Differentiate between perforins and granzymes.
A: a. Perforins are the enzymes (produced by cytotoxic T - cells)
which form pores to the cell membranes of infected cells.
b. Granzymes are the enzymes (produced by cytotoxic T - cells) which
enter the infected cells through the pores formed by perforins and
activate certain proteins that destroy the infected cell.
Q: Which hormone is called anti diuretic hormone? Write the name of
the gland that secretes it.
A: a. Vasopressin
b. Neurohypophysis of Pituitary.
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